API Usage¶

The following sections describes each of the API modules. The functions are presented in a simplified form here as a quick reference; please see the RIIM SDK API Reference document included in the SDK for details. The RIIM SDK API Reference is distributed with the SDK, and is located at RIIM_SDK/docs/RIIM_API_Reference.html

Multicast¶

Multicast is supported for IPv6 transmissions not requiring responses. This means that you can use multicast for the functions UDP.send6 and CoAP.sendNoAck. In the RIIM wireless network, multicast act as a Broadcast, as the target group is “all nodes.” The following example shows how to send a UDP packet to all nodes in the network.

Multicast example code¶

const IPAddr Addr=UAPI_ADDR_ALL_RIIM_NODES;

UDP.send6(Addr, 12345, payload, payloadSize);

One-hop Multicast¶

RIIM supports multicast just to a node’s immediate neighbors as well. A multicast sent like this won’t be able to hop, and will only be responded to by nodes within reach of the sending node.

One-hop multicast example code¶

const IPAddr Addr=UAPI_ADDR_LINKLOCAL_NODES;

UDP.send6(Addr, 12345, payload, payloadSize);

RIIM_UAPI¶

This is basically an include file that includes everything you need to develop in ICI. It includes all User API definitions and needed standard C header files.

Simply put this include line on top of your source file:

#include "RIIM_UAPI.h"

API Descriptions¶

ADC¶

The ADC module lets you sample and convert the analog input of the module

RC18xx-IPM supports 2 ADC channels, called ADC0 and ADC1.

The following example shows an example usage where the ADC is initialized, read, and the value is converted to millivolts and printed on the console.

ADC example code¶

static uint32_t milliVolts;

void ADC_DemoFunc()
{
    milliVolts=0;

    // Set up interface
    ADC.init(ADC0, ADC_FIXED_REFERENCE, ADC_SAMPLING_DURATION_10_6_US);

    ADC.convertToMicroVolts(ADC0, &milliVolts);
    milliVolts /= 1000;

    // Print directly to console to show the latest values
    Util.printf("ADC sensor read: Voltage(mV): %i\n",milliVolts);

    return;
}

The following functions are part of the ADC module.

Function	Description
init	Initializes the ADC module input
convert	Convert input voltage to its raw ADC value
convertToMicroVolts	Convert input voltage to an microvolts

Clock¶

Note

The Clock API requires TSCH to work.

The Clock module provides ways to synchronize and distribute global time throughout the RIIM network. All the nodes part of a network are synchronized to within a few milliseconds of each other, enabling synchronous actions to take place across the RIIM network.

Note

For the border router, call to the Clock API can only be made > 100 ms after StartBorderRouter command

The Clock module provides two ways of representing time: Time of Day (ToD), and Epoch. ToD provides a 24 hour clock represented by hour, minute, second and millisecond. It can be used to do an action at a specific time during a day, and can be repetitive. Epoch provides an absolute time that’s always increasing. It’s represented in milliseconds, and can be used to measure absolute time or trigger an action at some specific time. It’s not repetitive.

Function	Description
getToD	Returns the ToD
setToD	Set the ToD
getEpoch	Returns the Epoch
setEpoch	Set the Epoch
getAbsoluteTime	Get absolute time
registerToDTimedAction	Register a ToD action
registerEpochTimedAction	Register an Epoch action
stopToDTimedAction	Stop a planned ToD action
stopEpochTimedAction	Stop a planned epoch action
sendClockToAllNodes	Send Epoch and ToD to all nodes
getClockFromBR	Retrieve the Epoch and ToD from the border router
getOffsets	Get the raw offset values for ToD and epoch
setOffsets	Set the raw offset values for ToD and epoch
getLastSynchronizeTimestamp	Get timestamp when the node last received a clock synchronization

Clock example code¶

EpochType epoch; // Set to zero in RIIM_SETUP()

// Epoch callback
void epochCallback(void)
{
    EpochType thisEpoch;
    Clock.getEpoch(&thisEpoch);
    Util.printf("Epoch callback at : %i" , (int32_t)thisEpoch);

    // Set next callback to be in 5 seconds
    epoch=epoch+5000;
    Clock.registerEpochTimedAction(&epoch, epochCallback);
    Util.printf(" - New set to : %i\n" , (int32_t)epoch);

    return;
}

CoAP¶

The CoAP module lets you start and run a CoAP server and lets you transmit CoAP messages to and from a server. If the server is at the border router or on a mesh router is up to the implementor. The CoAP resources on the server side need to be registered along with a callback function (ResourceHandler). This function is called every time the module receives a CoAP request for the resource. The ResourceHandler have as input a pointer to the response that will be sent upon returning from the callback. This response can be filled in during the callback, if a value is intended returned in the response. The generateResponse() function is a support function to fill the response with boundry checked data.

The client need to connectToServer to allow communication with the server. It also need to register a callback function to handle respones form the server. It can be an empty reponse to a PUT-command or a response with value related to a GET command Then the client can issue CoAP requests when it want and wait for responses.

The CoAP protocol include automatically retries in case of no reponse. The retries are after 20 second and then it times out after slightly over 1 minute.

sequenceDiagram participant Client participant Server Server->>Server: CoAP.registerResource(ResourceHandler) Client->>Client: CoAP.connectToServer(Server) Client->>Client: CoAP.registerResponseHandler(RespHandler) Client->>Client: CoAP.send() Client->>Server: "CoAP REQUEST" Server->>Server: ResourceHandler() Server->>Client: "RESPONSE" Client->>Client: RespHandler()

The following example demonstrates how you initialize the CoAP module, set up a response handler and a resource access handler. When this node receives a PUT, POST, GET or DELETE CoAP message, it will call the CoAP_Handler routine. 5 CoAP resources can be registered, and CoAP.registerResource will return an error if more recsorces are requested.

CoAP example code¶

static const uint8_t Resource_Name[]="data";

static void CoAP_Handler(RequestType type, uint8_t *payload, uint8_t payloadSize, uint8_t *response, uint8_t *responseSize)
{
    // In this example we only print the payload directly to the UART
    Debug.printPayload(payload, payloadSize);
    Util.printf("\n"); // Add a newline for readability in console
    return;
}

void ResponseHandler(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t payload_size)
{
    Util.printf("# Got CoAP Response. Doing nothing with it.\n");
    return;
}

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    Network.startBorderRouter(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    // Setup coap resource
    CoAP.init(ResponseHandler);
    CoAP.registerResource(Resource_Name,0,CoAP_Handler);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the CoAP module.

Function	Description
Init	Initializes the CoAP module
connectToServer4	Connect to a CoAP server using IPv4. This must be done before accessing it.
connectToServer6	Connect to a CoAP server using IPv6. This must be done before accessing it.
setKey	Set DTLS key
setIdentity	Set DTLS Identity
registerResponseHandler	Register a handler to be executed when a CoAP response arrives
registerResource	Register a new resource that will be accessible on the node
generateResponse	Generate a response message and send it back to the caller
send	Send a GET, PUT, POST or DELETE message to a CoAP server
sendNoAck	Send a GET, PUT, POST or DELETE message to a CoAP server, but don’t ask for a CoAP response
disconnectFromServer	Disconnect from the CoAP server

Note: CoAP packets will be retransmitted several times if they’re lost on the way to their destination. Each retransmission with an increased timeout. The total time might be in the order of minutes, and hence the CoAP queue can easily fill up. It’s therefore important to wait for the CoAP response before sending new CoAP packets.

Debug¶

The Debug module contains useful functions for debugging.

The following example shows how you can dump the configuration of the node by calling Debug.printSetup().

Debug example code¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    Network.startBorderRouter(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    // Print out the configuration
    Debug.printSetup();

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the Debug module.

Function	Description
printPayload	Dump the payload to the UART
printSetup	Print the current node setup on the UART
printIPAddr	Nicely print IPAddr
radioTest	Test the radio in CW or MW mode.
getResetReason	Return the reset code for last module reset

Note

For the radioTest function:

This command is locking, meaning that the module needs to be externally reset after its called.
This command can’t be called in RIIM_SETUP(), but must be executed in a callback

Ethernet¶

The Ethernet module is used to interface the Ethernet system. The Ethernet MAC is by default set by using the EUI64 / IEEE address of the module, which is unique to each module.

The following example shows how to read the MAC address

Ethernet example code¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Set Ethernet MAC address
    uint8_t Mac[6];
    Ethernet. getMACAddress(Mac);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

Function	Description
Init	Initialize the GPIO module
getMACAddress	Read the Ethernet MAC address

GPIO¶

The GPIO module is used to control the GPIOs. By default all GPIOs are tri-state inputs with no pullup or pulldown.

All GPIOs also include PWM controllers capable of working autonomously.

Note

PWM could impact current consumption

The following example shows how to configure GPIO 9 as output and setting it to logical ‘1’.

GPIO example code¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Set up GPIO 9
    GPIO.setDirection(GPIO_9, OUTPUT);
    GPIO.setValue(GPIO_9, HIGH);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the GPIO module.

Function	Description
Init	Initialize the GPIO module
setDirection	Set the GPIO direction to input or output
setPull	Set pullup, pulldown or no pull on an input pin
setHandler	Register a handler to be called when a specific transition happen on a GPIO
setValue	Set the value on an output GPIO to logical 0 or 1
toggle	Invert the output value on an GPIO
getValue	Read the value of a GPIO pin
startPWM	Start PWM output
stopPWM	Stop PWM output

I2C¶

The I2C module has functions needed for interfacing the I2C bus. It always operates as master, and support clock stretching. It supports two speeds: 100KHz and 400KHz.

The following example demonstrates how the module is initialized and an example transmission towards a Sensirion SHT35 Temperature/Humidity sensor.

I2C example code¶

static void ReadSensor()
{
    static uint8_t wbuf[2];
    static uint8_t rbuf[10];

    // The command 0x2C0D starts a Medium repeatibility measuring
    // with clock stretching enabled. See Sensirion SHT35 datasheet.
    wbuf[0]=0x2C;
    wbuf[1]=0x0D;

    I2C.transfer(0x44,wbuf,2,rbuf, 7);

    .......

}

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Set up interface towards the SHT35-sensor
    I2C.init(I2C_400KHZ);

    .........

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the I2C module.

Function	Description
init	Initializes the I2C driver with the chosen Speed
transfer	Transfers data both to and from the slave at bus address SlaveAddress. Data is first written on bus, then read
read	Perform only read on the I2C bus
write	Perform only write on the I2C bus
close	Closes the I2C interface

Network¶

The Network module has the functions needed for network operations. Before the node can join any network, it must be started by a call to either startBorderRouter, startMeshRouter or startLeaf. Some functions will only have effect depending on the RIIM variant (single channel or TSCH) used.

Note

The UART API can’t be used if SLIP is used, as SLIP uses the UART to transfer data

The following example shows how to start a node as a Router:

Network example code¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Simply start as a router node. Nothing more is needed.
    Network.startMeshRouter();

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the Network module.

Function	SC	TSCH	Description
startBorderRouter	x	x	Start the node as a Border Router.
startMeshRouter	x	x	Start the node as a Mesh Router.
startLeaf	x	x	Start the node as a Leaf.
getBorderRouterAddress	x	x	Returns the address of the Border Router
getParentRSSI	x	x	Get the RSSI value of parent
getNeighbors	x	x	The a list of all neighbors, including RSSI
getNetworkState	x	x	Get the state of the network
radio_On	x		Turn radio on
radio_Off	x		Turn radio off
join	x	x	(Re)-join a network
leave			Deprecated. don’t use.
setFreqBand	x	x	Set the frequency band.
setPanId	x	x	Set the PAN ID of the node
getPanId	x	x	Get the PAN ID of the node
getAddress	x	x	Get the IP (v6) address of the node
getAddress4	x	X	Get the IPv4 address of the node
getNetworkLinks	x	x	Retrieves a list of links between nodes
setTxPower	x	x	Set the output transmission power
getNodeType	x	x	Return the type of node we’re configured as
setChannel	x		Set the RF channel to use
isPartOfNetwork	x	x	Check if a gived IP address is part of the network
setNWKey	x	x	Set the network (LLSEC) key
setRobustnessFactor	x	x	Set the node’s robustness factor
setTschMaxBrodcastRate		x	Set the maximum network broadcast period
getNodeCount	x	x	Get the number of nodes in the network
startSlip	x	x	Start the SLIP interface
setTSCHMode			Deprecated.
setTSCHParameters		x	Deprecated. Use Use Node.SetCurrentConfiguration instead.
reConnect	x	x	Reconnect to (possibly another) network
autoupdateTSCHParameters		x	Enable/disable automatic update of TSCH parameters
stop	x	x	Stops all RF traffic and disjoins any network

Node¶

The Node module contains functions for reading/writing node information and settings.

Node example code¶

static void DemoFunc()
{
    NodeInfo info;
    Node.getNodeInfo(&info);
    Util.printf("HW Revision is %i\n", NodeInfo.Hardware_Rev);

    return;
}

Example setting MPL parameters¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    RIIMConfig_t Configuration;
    Node.GetCurrentConfiguration(&Configuration);
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Control_Message_IMin=128;   // Should be power-of-two
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Control_Message_IMax=2048;  // Should be power-of-two
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Control_Message_K=1;
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Data_Message_IMin=128;      // Should be power-of-two
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Data_Message_IMax=4096;     // Should be power-of-two
    Configuration.MPLParameters.MPL_Data_Message_K=3;
    Node.SetCurrentConfiguration(&Configuration);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the Node module:

Function	Description
getNodeInfo	Return info about the node: Hardware ID+Revision, Platform ID+Version
GetDefaultConfiguration	Get the default configuration (Factory settings)
GetCurrentConfiguration	Get the current (in-use) configuration
SetCurrentConfiguration	Set the current (in-use) configuration

SPI¶

The SPI module has all the functions needed for accessing the SPI bus. For chip select control, the user must use a GPIO. For all data transfer and initialization, the SPI module can be used. In the example below, usage of both GPIO and SPI is demonstrated. Only 4-wire SPI is supported

The following example shows how to set up SPI and access the ST LIS3DE accelerometer:

SPI example code¶

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Set up GPIO. We must use one GPIO for SPI chip select
    GPIO.setDirection(GPIO_3, OUTPUT);
    GPIO.setValue(GPIO_3, HIGH);

    // Set up interface towards the LIS3DE-sensor
    SPI.init(4000000,SPI_POL_0_PHA_0);

    // Setup accelerometer to update every second
    uint8_t wbuf[2];
    wbuf[0]=0x20; // 0 (write), 0(don't increment), 0x20 (register address)
    wbuf[1]=0x17; // 1 Hz, enable X,Y and Z axes

    GPIO.setValue(GPIO_3, LOW);
    SPI.transfer(2, wbuf, NULL);
    GPIO.setValue(GPIO_3, HIGH);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

The following functions are part of the SPI module:

Function	Description
init	Initialize the SPI module
transfer	Transfer bytes over the SPI bus

Timer¶

The Timer module enables the user to create various timers. The timers will call a function when they’re triggered, and can be configured as periodic or one-shot, started and stopped.

The following example creates a periodic timer that calls the function ReadSensor every 10 seconds:

Timer example code¶

static const uint32_t TimerPeriod=10000;
static uint8_t Sensor_timer_handler;

static void ReadSensor()
{
    Util.printf("Reading sensors....\n");

    return;
}

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    // Create timer that sends the CoAP PUT message
    Sensor_timer_handler=Timer.create(PERIODIC, TimerPeriod, ReadSensor);
    Timer.start(Sensor_timer_handler);

    return UAPI_OK;
}

Function	Description
create	Create a new timer
start	Start the timer
stop	Stop the timer
isActive	Check if the timer is active
config	(Re)-configure a timer

UART¶

Note

The UART API can’t be used if SLIP is used, as SLIP uses the UART to transfer data

The UART module controls the UART port. The uart can be configured with respect to baudrate, parity, number of databits and number of stopbits.

UART example code¶

static void TxCallback(uint8_t len)
{
    Util.printf("Sent %i bytes\n", len);

    return;
}

static void DemoFunc()
{
    const uint8_t buffer="Test";

    UART.init(115200, UART_PARITY_NONE, UART_DATA_8_BITS, UART_STOP_1_BIT);
    UART.startTransmit(buffer, sizeof(buffer), TXCallback);

    return;
}

Function	Description
Init	Initialize the UART module
startReceive	Start reception
cancelReceive	Stop reception
startTransmit	Start transmission of a buffer of bytes
isTXActive	Returns true if UART TX is active
isRXActive	Returns true if UART RX is active
enableRXTX	Enables RXTX functionality on CTS pin. Compatible with RS485
startReceive_Adv	Advanced version of startReceive
wakeOnUART	Enable or disable wake-on-uart

UDP¶

The UDP module controls the sending and reception of UDP packets. It has functions for receiving and sending over IPv6 or IPv4.

UART example code¶

void udpCallback(IPAddr src_ipAddr, uint8_t *payload, uint8_t payloadSize)
{
    int i;

    Util.printf("Msg from ");
    for(i=0;i<16;i++){
        Util.printf("%.02x" , src_ipAddr.byte[i]);
    }
    Util.printf(" : %.*s\n" , payloadSize, payload);
    UDP.send6(src_ipAddr, 12345, payload, payloadSize);
}

RIIM_SETUP()
{
    .....
    UDP.setup(udpCallback,12345);
    .....
}

Function	Description
send4	Send a UDP packet to an IPv4 address. Typically to the internet
send6	Send a UDP packet to an IPv6 address. Typically inside the RIIM wireless network
setup	Setup a handler for reception of UDP packets

Util¶

The Util module contains useful helper functions. The module provides common C library functions for the ICI user application to use: printf, sprintf, snprinf. It also provides a random generator.

The following example shows how to print something on the console (UART)

Util example code¶

static void DemoFunc()
{
    Util.printf("Reading sensors....\n");

    return;
}

Function	Description
printf	Standard C-library printf
sprintf	Standard C-library sprintf
snprintf	Standard C-library snprintf
getRand	Get a random number
reset	Reset the module
getTemperature	Get module temperature
strlen	Return string length
strcmp	Standard C-library strcmp
strncmp	Standard C-library strncmp
getVoltage	Get voltage on the supply pin of the module